Indeed, the constitutive activation of MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) signaling cascades due to mutational events represents crucial molecular steps in thyroid carcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and thyroiditis.