CD40LG and primary biliary cholangitis: Previous reports showed that LTA, a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, was detected in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrating the site of chronic non-suppurative inflammation around interlobular bile ducts and in the serum of PBC patients, and it has been also reported that the levels of anti-LTA antibodies of IgM and IgA classes in PBC patients are higher than compared to those in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic hepatitis C, indicating that some Gram-positive bacteria might be involved in the onset and progression of PBC [75,76].