In another longitudinal observational Taiwan study on 123,050 type 2 diabetes patients that were newly initiated on oral antidiabetic drugs, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk for ischemic stroke compared with meglitinides or insulin; however, their risk for stroke was comparable to that observed in metformin users, and higher than the risk observed in patients treated with pioglitazone [39]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.