Human hepatoma Huh-7 cells transfected with an NS5A vector have demonstrated an elevation of ROS with resulting activation of NF-KB and STAT-3 pathways [30] that then led to the release of various array of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and TGFβ. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.