More generally, VCAM-1 has been shown to be highly involved in tumor growth in a number of different cancers, including melanoma, leukemia, renal, osteosarcoma, and gastric cancers, as well as downstream metastatic processes, further increasing the potential scope of 212Pb-αVCAM-1 therapy.29 Finally, the promising results generated using the MDA-231-Br model should be supplemented by similar studies in other tractable models of BM, especially in a syngeneic model. Here, VCAM1 is linked to leukemia.