This controversial finding prompted us to posit that other factors regulated by or associated with TGF-b signaling may promote overexpression of miR-33a-5p, giving rise to the net results of miR-33a-5p expression showing no significant change under treatment of TGF-b in PCa cells compared with those without TGF-b treatment. Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.