It is of great important to understand a paradoxical finding that TGF-b treatment did not downregulate miR-33a-5p expression in three individual bone metastatic PCa cell lines (Figure 5A), although expression of ZEB1, a known downstream target gene of TGF-b signaling 48, was induced by TGF-b (Figure 5B). Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.