The abnormal secretion of insulin and elevated blood glucose levels can lead to severe vascular complications in various organs, including cardiovascular disease, retinal vasculopathy, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease, etc. In particular, diabetes frequently induces cerebral ischemic injury, which mainly manifests as small vessel diseases and increases the risk of stroke, cognitive decline and dementia 2-4; therefore, researchers have paid a great deal of attention to diabetes-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction 5-7. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.