PKM and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Other studies have indicated that overexpression of VDAC1 could induce apoptosis 50, inhibiting expression of PKM2 could increase cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma stem cells and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells 51,52, and up-regulation of HK2 conferred resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells, which were in accordance with our results 53.