First, we focused on ATDILI induced by first-line antituberculosis regimens and the genetic risk factors of TGFBR2 and TGFBRAP1 only, without assessment of other relevant genes, environmental risks, and comorbid conditions (malnutrition, alcoholism, chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B infection, HIV infection, and preexisting liver disease), as well as epigenetic modification. The gene discussed is TGFBRAP1; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.