The CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSCs that were detected in our study were also found to be increased in several other human cancers, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma30, hepatocellular carcinoma31–33, melanoma34, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma16, nonsmall cell lung cancer;35 additionally, an increase in the frequency of CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSCs with suppressor functions in the peripheral blood from patients with inflammatory bowel disease was observed17. This evidence concerns the gene CD14 and inflammatory bowel disease.