Despite the phenotypic differences and the expected variances in their isolation and generation, BM-MDSCs and cancer patient immunosuppressive monocytes displayed a shared signature (not-differentially expressed genes, Fig. 5c) characterized by genes such as PTGS2, SOCS2, TNF, IDO1, CD38 and ARG1, all related to immune regulation. This evidence concerns the gene IDO1 and cancer.