AKT1 and renal fibrosis: Furthermore, a number of other pathways are involved in renal fibrosis (e.g., HIF, TGF-β, Notch, PKC/ERK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Ang II/ROS pathways [42]) and those pathways should be explored in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of Cili on renal fibrosis.