WNT3A and melanoma: This result is consistent with those of previous studies investigating colorectal cancer 20, 34, hepatocellular carcinoma25, 26, lung cancer 21, and melanoma 28, in which overexpression of Wnt3a could significantly enhance the invasion and migration potential of tumor cells by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the metastasis-related protein matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -7, and -9.