MTOR and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: More than 95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are driven by mutation in the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene8,9, which constitutively activates rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling.