The anti-prostate cancer activity of equol in cell cultures has been proposed associated with activation of FOXO3a (one of the forkhead-family factors of transcription involved in apoptosis) via protein kinase B (Akt)-specific signaling transduction pathway, and with the inhibition of the expression of the MDM2 complex (a negative regulator of tumor suppressor p53) [186,187], plus the inhibition of the degradation of the androgen receptor [185]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.