Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that the interaction between AGEs and its cell surface receptors, such a receptor (biochemistry) nicknamed RAGE, implicates AGEs in the progression of age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders; mediates the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which controls several genes involved in immunity, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and astrocytes activation; and ultimately results in atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and neuropathy [36,37]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.