In the pathophysiological process of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the activation of NF-κB in different cell types determines its neuronal pro-death or prosurvival effects: NF-κB activation in neurons promotes their survival and plasticity, whereas NF-κB activation in glial cells enhances neuronal death [11, 53, 54]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and ischemia reperfusion injury.