In the context of neuroinflammation, some NLRs such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS [9,10], whereas anti-inflammatory NLRs such as nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat containing X1 (NLRX1) and NLRP12 inhibit CNS inflammation [11,12]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRX1 and myeloid sarcoma.