Exposure to even low doses of Al (1.5 mg/kg) has been shown to aggravate intestinal damage in mouse colitis models (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2014), such as worsening of colitis and upregulation of the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL17A, and Nlrp3. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is colitis.