During its adhesion to COLI, mda-9/syntenin at the plasma membrane facilitated processes in the formation of β1 integrin signaling complexes, including the assembly of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-PINCH1-α-parvin complex and its translocation to the cell membrane, leading to the activation of AKT, RAC1, and ERK1/2 to promote cancer metastasis [62]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and cancer.