PDCD1 and neoplasm: Published signatures describing melanoma-associated inflammation and possible response to anti-PD-1 therapy (tumor inflammatory score35, interferon gamma36, T cell exhaustion37, and T cell effector38 signatures) highly correlated with our TIPB signature (Spearman correlation 0.7–0.9, BH adjusted p < 0.01, Supplementary Fig. 7B) and showed a significant decrease on anti-CD20 therapy (one-sided, paired t-test, BH adjusted p = 0.01, df = 5, t = 3.11–5.46, Fig. 5c).