Notably, the enzyme HMGCS1, which condenses acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to produce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), and the rate-limiting pathway enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) [37] were strongly upregulated even by 2 days post-infection (DPI), prior to the onset of cell proliferation. The gene discussed is HMGCS1; the disease is infection.