AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Multivariate analysis (Table 2) showed that female white [vs male white; odds ratio (OR), 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.26; P < .01] and female other race HCC patients (vs male other race; OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.70; P < .01) were associated with a significantly higher OR of elevated AFP at diagnosis.