TNF and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of ZM essential oil on latency time to reach to the platform, time spent in the target quarter and the percentage of thigmotaxis behavior (the number of thigmotaxis behavior/4×100) as a measure of anxiety and searching strategy in MWM spatial learning and memory test as well as hippocampal tau protein and TNFα concentrations in male rats with experimental AD.