In addition, EVs/exosomes have been associated with amyloid β and tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)49,50, α synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD)51, and TDP43, SOD1, and C9ORF72-derived dipeptide repeat (DPR) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)52,53, and other pathological conditions. Here, TARDBP is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.