SMARCAL1 and Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for SIOD are still elusive; however, SMARCAL1 deficiency has been reported to pathologically modulate gene expression (Baradaran-Heravi et al., 2012; Morimoto et al., 2015, 2016a,b; Sanyal et al., 2015).