SMARCAL1 and Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: Thus, although likely to exist, the correlation between SMARCAL1 mutations, replication stress, DNA damage formation, defects in proliferation and impaired development in SIOD pathogenesis is as yet unexplored, largely because of the inability of SMARCAL1 loss to induce all SIOD phenotypes in the existing models of the disease.