MUC1-CT can also directly interact with intracellular kinases such as c-Src, Lyn and Lck, which are activated by growth factors that are elevated in IPF [65], as well as with components of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, triggering NF-κB overactivation and induction of anti-apoptotic functions and cellular transformation [65] (Figure 7 and Figure 8). Here, MUC1 is linked to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.