RAF proteins are regulators of the ERK MAP kinase signaling cascade, and interaction with RAS-GTP at the membrane promotes RAF kinase activation and leads to activation of phosphorylation of MEK1 and MEK2 [1], which play significant roles in melanoma cell proliferation, leading to high responses rates to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas compared to cytotoxic drugs [2,3,4,5,6]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.