APC and mutyh-associated polyposis: These genes include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 (Lynch syndrome, LS), TP53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome, LFS), APC (Familial adenomatous polyposis, FAP, and gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach, GAPPS), MUTYH (MUTYH-associated polyposis, MAP), BMPR1A, and SMAD4 (Juvenile polyposis syndrome, JPS), STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PJS), and PTEN (Cowden syndrome, CS) [13,16,17].