Furthermore, catalpol could exert anti-apoptotic effect by inhibiting caspase-3 and BAX expressions and increasing Bcl-2 expression via regulating the nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1)/miR-140-5p/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) signaling pathway in DCM mice and high glucose-stimulated mouse cardiomyocytes [27]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.