To overcome these limitations, in a specifically designed study, we aimed to investigate whether IL-1 inhibition could induce the improvement of both glycaemic and inflammatory parameters in participants with RA and T2D, when compared with participants treated with a TNF inhibitor (TNFi), in order to improve the management of these participants in a multicentre, randomised, open-label, prospective, controlled, parallel-group trial. Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.