While neither the OX40 agonist mAb, GITRL FP, nor MEDI9197 was efficacious as a monotherapy, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed when combining MEDI9197 administered IT with systemic administration of an anti-OX40 agonist (p = 0.005; compared with anti-OX40 alone) or a GITRL FP agonist (p ≤ 0.0001; compared with GITRL FP alone) (Fig. 7). Here, TNFSF18 is linked to neoplasm.