Furtermore, regulation of p38 phosphorylation may potentially interfere with the function and upstream regulatory genes of VEGF-1 [65], indicating that the molecular mechanism of TC7 on migration and invasion of PCa cells might be associated with the regulation of the VEGF-1/MMP-9 signaling pathway that mediates by phosphorylation of p38. Here, MMP9 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.