PCSK9 and septic shock: In healthy participants, peak and area-under-the-curve of interleukin 6 response to an intravenous injection of LPS were attenuated in those who carried a PCSK9 LOF allele compared with those who did not.4 In patients with sepsis, plasma PCSK9 concentrations were elevated compared with those without sepsis and were associated with decreased clearance of endotoxin.43 Moreover, in 2 cohorts of patients with septic shock, Walley and colleagues4,42 reported that the groups that carried any of 3 PCSK9 LOF variants had improved survival compared with the groups with no variants or a GOF variant.