However, we recently utilized digital ELISA technology, based on counting individual enzyme-labeled immunocomplexes of proteins captured on paramagnetic beads in single-molecule arrays (Simoa), combined with unique high-affinity antibodies isolated from APS1/APECED mutation patients (Meyer et al., 2016) to detect plasma IFNα attomolar concentrations in viral infections, auto-immune disease, and interferonopathies (Rodero et al., 2017). Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.