This is corroborated by studies in mice with reduced expression levels of GFI1 which results in a myeloproliferative disease that is not only fatal, but also resembles MDS and is a rather common to MPN in many aspects since it progressed to an overt leukemia when additional mutations were induced either by retroviral infection or chemical carcinogenesis (42). Here, GFI1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.