PD‐1 receptor‐conjugated nanovesicles (NVs) were capable of binding PD‐L1‐expressing tumor cells to block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and successfully inhibited the growth of B16F10 melanoma (Figure2).142 In this study, Zhang et al. engineered a mammalian cell line that stably expressed PD‐1 receptor on the membrane and then prepared NVs that displayed PD‐1 receptor. Here, PDCD1 is linked to melanoma.