There are caveats for using IL-1/IL-1R1 blocking reagents to treat patients with endometriosis wishing to give birth, such as the reported IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra)-induced inhibition of murine embryo implantation in vivo, and of increased trophoblast motility by urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitors in vitro (42, 43). Here, PLAU is linked to endometriosis.