ACKR3 and Familial prostate cancer: In a prostate cancer model, CXCL8 increases the expression of mRNA and protein levels of ACKR3 (103); IL-1β triggers ACKR3 expression in HUVEC cells (104); and other external factors such as lipopolysaccharides associate with ACKR3 upregulation in the pulmonary epithelium modulating microvascular permeability during acute pulmonary inflammation (105).