In 2013, two landmark papers (Guerreiro et al., 2013; Jonsson et al., 2013) identified, by exome sequencing, rare mutants in TREM2 associated with an AD risk similar to that of a single allele of the strongest known risk factor, the E4 isoform of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The gene discussed is TREM2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.