PIK3CA and cerebral malformation: A comprehensive study on 33 children with pediatric epilepsy identified germline mutations (PTEN) or mosaic activating mutations (PIK3CA and AKT3) in PI3K pathway genes which dramatically manifests as different forms of brain malformations like megalencephaly and cortical dysplasia (Poduri et al., 2012; Jansen et al., 2015).