In PD, misfolded and aggregated SNCA from post-mortem brain samples is heavily decorated with post-translational modifications [PTMs; (Schmid et al., 2013)], of which phosphorylation at S129 (pS129) is a major component [(Fujiwara et al., 2002); reviewed in Oueslati (2016)]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.