Overall, these studies report that adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and/or calorie restriction were associated with decreased DNA methylation in obesity-related genes such as PDK4, KCNQ1, WT1, SH2B1, FTO, BDNF, and PPARGC1A or inflammatory genes such as TNF-α. Here, BDNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.