Amongst the CIS in the immortalised cell lines were a few known glioma genes, including Pten, and amongst the tumour CIS were genes such as Pdgfrb and Nf1. The study also identified putative cancer genes that were not previously linked with gliomas, such as Met and Klf3 which were amongst their top-ranking tumour CIS. Here, PTEN is linked to in situ carcinoma.