Specific nutrients, such as vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3), are of concern in type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic autoimmune disease caused by progressive selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin, starting in infancy with the appearance of specific autoantibodies, and with clinical outbreak during the pediatric age range in 90% of cases. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.