SC markers, such as NANOG, have been implicated in various cancers and have been found to repress mitochondrial OXPHOS genes and ROS generation as well as activate fatty acid oxidation to support CSC self-renewal and drug resistance (Figure 3); however, the restoration of OXPHOS activity and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation renders CSCs susceptible to a standard care chemotherapy drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib [188]. The gene discussed is NANOG; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.