FGF23 and hyperparathyroidism: Likewise, the list of inducers of FGF23 apart from phosphate [124], another potential mediator of phosphate-associated toxicity, is long and includes calcium [70,125], iron deficiency [126,127], inflammation, hyperparathyroidism [40], and high doses of vitamin D. Therefore, careful use of vitamin D and calcium supplements, adequate treatment of over hyperparathyroidism and restoring iron deficiency, may all be of relevance in preventing additional increments of FGF23.