We showed previously that inhibition of microglial proliferation by pharmacologically blocking CSF1R ameliorates disease progression in the APP/PS1 (Olmos-Alonso et al., 2016) model of Alzheimer’s disease, but also multiple experimental models of neurodegenerative disease, including prion disease (Gomez-Nicola et al., 2013) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Martinez-Muriana et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and neurodegenerative disease.