CXCL1 and neoplasm: Further, with a detailed look into CXCL1 localization within tumor foci, our results revealed that CXCL1 was predominately expressed in stromal cells (yellow arrows) instead of glandular epithelial tumor cells (red arrows, Fig. 1a; Cyan, Fig. 1b), suggesting that it mainly originates from stromal tumor-associated fibroblasts.