CCL2 and neoplasm: For instance, RET/PTC induces the expression of oncogenes involved in inflammation and tumor invasion, such as chemokines (CCL2, CCL20, CXCL8/IL-8, and CXCL12), chemokine receptor CXCR4, and cytokines (IL-1B, colony-stimulating factor 1, and GM-CSF) [135,137].